{"id":9622,"date":"2025-02-05T18:42:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=9622"},"modified":"2025-02-05T23:57:55","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T15:57:55","slug":"wiki%ef%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=9622","title":{"rendered":"WIKI\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aPhilosophy of science\uff09\u662f\u54f2\u5b66<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66<\/a>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u672c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u79d1\u5b66<\/a>\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba<\/a>\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66<\/a>\u3001\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/a>\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba<\/a>\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u63a2\u7d22\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u771f\u7406<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u8bed\u4e49<\/a>\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66<\/a>\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a<\/a>\u7b49\u4f26\u7406<\/a>\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66<\/a>\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u5426\u63ed\u793a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u771f\u76f8<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bae\u9898\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u201c\u5f52\u7eb3\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aProblem of induction\uff1b\u5fb7\u8bed\uff1aInduktionsproblem\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u666e\u904d\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6216\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u6765\u5f97\u51fa\u5173\u65bc\u54f2\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u867d\u7136\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/a>\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u53ea\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\u624d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u65e8\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u9648\u8ff0\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u5ba2\u89c2<\/a>\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u00b7\u76ae\u5c14\u65af<\/a>\u548c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14<\/a>\u4ece\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u8f6c\u5411\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/a>\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u6069<\/a>1962\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/a>\u300b(\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aThe Structure of Scientific Revolutions<\/em>) \u4e5f\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u7d2f\u79ef\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u6b65\u90fd\u4e0e\u201c\u8303\u5f0f<\/a>\u201d\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5a01\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u8303\u5965\u66fc\u00b7\u594e\u56e0<\/a>\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u771f\u7406\u878d\u8d2f\u8bba<\/a>\uff1b\u8be5\u5b66\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u89c2\u5bdf<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8d2f\u6574\u4f53\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6770\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7<\/a> (Stephen Jay Gould) \u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u516c\u7406<\/a>\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5747\u53d8\u8bba<\/a>\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8d39\u8036\u963f\u672c\u5fb7<\/a>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5173\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136<\/a>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8003\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66<\/a>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u77e5\u8bc6<\/a>\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u6216\u79f0\u79d1\u5b66\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aConstructivism\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7531\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14<\/a>\u548c\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5df4\u6069\u65af\uff08S. Barry Barnes\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u9646\u54f2\u5b66<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u4ece\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/a>\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

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\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u5305\u62ec\u900f\u8fc7\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u773a\u671b\u661f\u7a7a\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7535\u5b50\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eea\u8868\u7684\u8bfb\u6570\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u663e\u793a37.9\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u62b1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba<\/a>\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u53f3\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u67092\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5468\u56f4\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u5f15\u529b\u900f\u955c<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6000\u7591\u662f\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4f53\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6839\u636e\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u5272\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u8f7d\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7684<\/a>\uff08theory-laden\uff09[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u611f\u77e5<\/a>\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5<\/a>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u628a\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4ece\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6216\u8ba4\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u90fd\u662f\u8f7d\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u3002[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u89c2\u5bdf\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u8be5\u89c2\u6d4b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u6d4b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53472\u5ea6\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5417\uff1f\u6291\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba<\/a>\uff08scientific realism\uff09\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u4f5c\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\uff08scientific anti-realism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff08\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u771f\u7406\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u50cf\u7535\u5b50\u6216\u5e73\u884c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u771f\u7406[15]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u5e94\u88ab\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6307\u5411\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u771f\uff08\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\uff09\u7684\u8bc1\u636e[16]<\/a><\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u53cd\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\u5219\u6307\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2<\/a>\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u7406\u8bba[18]<\/a><\/sup>[19]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u865a\u5047\u6a21\u578b<\/a>\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6210\u529f[21]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5411\u5e7f\u6cdb\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3<\/a>\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u53cd\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u529f\u800c\u4e0d\u63d0\u53ca\u771f\u7406[22]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\u58f0\u79f0\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8ffd\u6c42\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e5f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u6807\u51c6\u5224\u65ad\u7684[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6e90\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5176\u4ea7\u7269\u53c8\u662f\u5176\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6563\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5386\u53f2<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u73b0\u4ee3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d8\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u957f\u8fbe\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u9886\u57df\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u627f\u8ba4\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u62b1\u6709\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u5728\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u4fee\u6240\u6709\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66[31]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u5b66\u6d3e<\/a>\u548c\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5b66\u6d3e<\/a>\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9003\u79bb\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u5965\u56fe\u00b7\u7ebd\u62c9\u7279<\/a>\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\uff1b\u800c\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u7eb3\u666e<\/a>\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u6765\u66ff\u6362\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u57281945\u5e74\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u4ea8\u666e\u5c14<\/a>\uff08\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ed6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u5f8b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bc6\u522b\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u501f\u52a9\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee4\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u652f\u67f1[32]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u665a\u81f31960\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898[33]<\/a><\/sup>[34]<\/a><\/sup>[35]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u79d1\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ea8\u4f69\u5c14\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528[36]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u6069<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u5f53\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

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\u771f\u7406\u878d\u8d2f\u8bba<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u7686\u53ef\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u6b27\u9646\u54f2\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfe\u9898<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u5177\u4f53\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u7565<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u89c1<\/h1>\n\n\n\n