{"id":8882,"date":"2024-09-18T11:39:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T03:39:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=8882"},"modified":"2024-09-18T11:39:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T03:39:32","slug":"%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e6%99%ae%e9%81%8d%e8%b5%9e%e5%90%8c%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e8%a7%82%e7%82%b9%ef%bc%9f%ef%bc%88philpapers-survey-2020%ef%bc%89zz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=8882","title":{"rendered":"\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u8d5e\u540c\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c2\u70b9\uff1f\uff08PhilPapers Survey 2020\uff09zz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Philpapers-Survey-2020\">Philpapers Survey 2020<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">@ref:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/428768169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u8d5e\u540c\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c2\u70b9\uff1f\uff08PhilPapers Suvery 2020) &#8211; \u77e5\u4e4e<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/496172592\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef72020 Philpapers Survey\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f &#8211; \u77e5\u4e4e<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/survey2020.philpeople.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/survey2020.philpeople.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6458\u81ea&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/428768169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/428768169<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c31\u5728\u6628\u5929\uff0cPhilpapers Survey 2020\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff01PhilPaper \u91c7\u8bbf\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5404\u57301785\u4f4d\u804c\u4e1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6100\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u56de\u5e94\u91cf\u524d\u4e94\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd859\u4eba\u3001\u82f1\u56fd163\u4eba\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927127\u4eba\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd89\u4eba\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a59\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5427\uff01\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u70b9\u51fb\u6ce8\u89e31<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fn:1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\uff081\uff09\u6240\u6709\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u6db5\u76d6\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\uff08accept\uff09\u8981\u4e48\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\uff08lean towards\uff09\uff082\uff09\u6211\u53ea\u6311\u4e86\u6211\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u6216\u8005\u6211\u5bf9\u8be5\u8bdd\u9898\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff083\uff09\u975e\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u5e38\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u533a\u522b\u5f88\u5927\uff084\uff09\u672c\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u53c2\u8003\u6027\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u591a\u4e00\u4e9b\uff085\uff09\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4f55\u6ca1\u6709\u8be2\u95ee\u5176\u5b83\u975e\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7f16\u8005\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u786e\u5b9e\u5f88\u591a\u804c\u4e1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u4eba\u592a\u5c11\u4e86\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u7684<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fn:2\">2<\/a><\/sup>\uff086\uff09\u804c\u4e1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u6307\u8bfb\u5b8c\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5e76\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u5728\u6821\u6267\u6559\uff087\uff09\u6211\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u67e5\u4e2d\u6587\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf7\u5bf9\u7167\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08a priori knowledge\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8ba4\u540c\uff1a72.67%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c18.47%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7f8e\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\uff08aesthetic value\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5ba2\u89c2\u768443.53%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u89c2\u768440.59%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff08the aim of philosophy\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u771f\u7406&amp;\u77e5\u8bc642.18%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7406\u89e355.79%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u667a\u616731.17%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e78\u798f12.65%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5584\u6216\u516c\u6b6322.70%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff08analytic and synthetic\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u670962.48%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6ca1\u670925.78%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5feb\u611f\u673a\u5668\uff08experience machine\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u8fdb\u53bb\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u5207\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f60\u8fdb\u53bb\u540e\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fdb\u516535.72%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u8fdb\u516550.52%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff08external world\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08idealism\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u83b1\u3010George Berkeley\u3011\u90a3\u79cd\uff096.63%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08skepticism\uff095.44%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u975e\u6000\u7591\u5b9e\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08non-skeptical realism\uff0979.54%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u54ea\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u6000\u7591\u8bba\uff08external-world skepticism\uff09\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\u6700\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\uff1f\uff08Response to external-world skepticism (which is strongest?)\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6eaf\u56e0\u63a8\u7406\uff08abductive\uff0922.13%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u60c5\u5883\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u56de\u5e94\uff08contextualist\uff0910.74%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fe1\u6761\u6d3e\u56de\u5e94\uff08dogmatist\uff0913.43%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ba4\u77e5\u5916\u5728\u8bba\u56de\u5e94\uff08epistemic externalist\uff0918.90%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bed\u4e49\u5916\u5728\u8bba\uff08semantic externalist\uff098.38%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52a1\u5b9e\u56de\u5e94\uff08pragmatic\uff0922.77%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff08free will\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u76f8\u5bb9\u8bba\uff08compatibilism\uff0959.16%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08libertarianism\uff0918.83%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd711.21%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6027\u522b\uff08gender\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u751f\u7406\u7684\uff08biological\uff0929.04%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\uff08psychological\uff0921.54%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\uff08social\uff0963.10%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff08unreal\uff094.23%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u795e\u8bba18.93%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65e0\u795e\u8bba66.95%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08empiricism\uff0943.90%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08rationalism\uff0933.51%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\uff08laws of nature\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f11\u8c1f\u8bba\uff08Humean\uff0931.27%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u975e\u4f11\u8c1f\u8bba54.31%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u751f\u547d\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3b\u89c2\u768433.04%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u89c2\u768432.06%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u5b58\u572816.12%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5fc3\u7075\u5185\u5bb9\uff08mental content\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5185\u5728\u8bba\uff08internalism\uff0926.35%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5916\u5728\u8bba\uff08externalism\uff0958.12%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5143\u4f26\u7406\uff08meta-ethics\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff08moral realism\uff0962.07%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u975e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba26.12%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5143\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff08non-naturalism\uff0926.56%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff08naturalist realism\uff0931.64%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6784\u6210\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08constructivism\uff0920.80%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6292\u53d1\u8bba\uff08expressivism\uff0910.64%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u8bba\uff08error theory\uff095.27%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\uff08meta-philosophy\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u7b26\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08naturalism\uff0950.16%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e4931.12%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5fc3\u7075\uff08mind\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08physicalism\uff0951.93%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u975e\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e4932.08%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff08moral judgement\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bba\uff08 cognitivism\uff0969.25%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u975e\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bba\uff08non-cognitivism\uff0920.72%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u52a8\u529b\uff08moral motivation\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5185\u5728\u8bba41.01%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5916\u5728\u8bba39.33%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Newcomb\u2019s problem\uff08\u4f60\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u9762\u524d\u6446\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u900f\u660e\u7684\u7bb1\u5b50\uff0c\u7bb1\u5b50\u7532\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e59\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u4f60\u8fdb\u5165\u623f\u95f4\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1100%\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4f1a\u9884\u6d4b\u4f60\u5c06\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ea\u4f1a\u62ff\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e59\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e59\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u5c31\u4f1a\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u9884\u6d4b\u4f60\u4f1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7bb1\u5b50\u90fd\u62ff\u8d70\uff0c\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e59\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u62ff\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e5931.19%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62ff\u4e24\u4e2a\u7bb1\u5b5039.03%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u89c4\u8303\u4f26\u7406\uff08normative ethics\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9053\u4e49\u8bba\uff08deontology\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bba\uff0932.05%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\u8bba\uff08consequentialism\uff0930.56%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fb7\u6027\u8bba\uff08virtue ethics\uff0936.99%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff08personal identity\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u751f\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\uff0919.07%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0943.65%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u989d\u5916\u89c2\u70b9\u8bba\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u7075\u9b42further-fact view\uff0914.86%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u54f2\u5b66\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08philosophical progress<\/strong>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u6b653.83%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u4e00\u70b946.59%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f88\u591a41.69%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u79cd\u65cf\uff08race\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u751f\u7406\u768418.68%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793e\u4f1a\u768463.43%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u768415.04%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff08scientific realism\uff0972.35%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u79d1\u5b66\u975e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba15.04%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4f20\u9001\u5668\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5730\u7403\u626b\u63cf\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u6bd4\u5982\u706b\u661f\uff0c\u706b\u661f\u518d\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6750\u6599\u590d\u5236\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f60\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4f1a\u5c06\u88ab\u626b\u63cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u6bc1\u706d\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f60\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u676535.24%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f60\u6b7b\u4e8640.06%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u771f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u5e94\uff08correspondence\uff0951.37%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u538b\u7f29\uff08deflationary\uff0924.53%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08epistemic\uff0910.16%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08analysis of knowledge\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u771f\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08justified true beliefs\uff0923.61%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5176\u5b83\u7406\u8bba32.20%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff08no analysis\uff0930.63%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6b7b\u5211<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5141\u8bb817.74%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb875.13%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u610f\u8bc6\uff08consciousness\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff08dualism\uff0921.96%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62b9\u6740\u8bba\uff08eliminativism\uff094.51%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u529f\u80fd\u8bba\uff08functionalism\uff0933.04%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6052\u7b49\u8bba\uff08identity theory\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5927\u8111\u7684xx\u795e\u7ecf\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0913.33%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u826f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5141\u8bb864.21%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb819.45%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ed6\u662f\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u800536.47%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ed6\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u800554.93%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6c38\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6211\u8981\uff0144.92%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u624d\u4e0d\u8981\uff0141.33%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u7535\u8111\u4e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea154.23%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u4f9d\u7136\u6d3b\u774027.46%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6ca1\u67093.60%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u4e00\u70b932.52%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u5f88\u591a56.22%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Values in science (is ideal scientific reasoning necessarily sensitive or insensitive to non-epistemic values?): necessarily value-free, necessarily value-laden, or can be either?\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff08necessarily value-free\uff0917.69%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff08necessarily value-laden\uff0944.02%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wittgenstein<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65e9\u671f\u7406\u8bba\u597d24.61%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u665a\u671f\u7406\u8bba\u597d57.53%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff08Political philosophy\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08communitarianism\uff0927.26%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08egalitarianism\uff0944.05%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08libertarianism\uff0913.40%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7406\u60f3\u8bba\uff08ideal theory\uff0932.44%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u975e\u7406\u60f3\u7406\u8bba58.02%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u653f\u6cbb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e4929.52%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e4953.02% \uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u745e\u5178\u632a\u5a01\u7b49\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u8bba27.25%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u8bba38.20%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u73af\u5883\u54f2\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08anthropocentric\uff0942.25%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5fc350.67%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u5404\u7ec4\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff1f\uff08Other minds (for which groups are some members conscious?)\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4eba\u7c7b95.15%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u732b88.55%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9c7c65.29%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u82cd\u874734.52%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u86af\u869324.18%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u690d\u72697.23%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7c92\u5b502.01%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b0\u751f\u5a74\u513f84.34%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u76ee\u524d\u7684AI 3.39%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ee5\u540e\u7684AI 39.19%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u540e\u8bb0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#%E5%90%8E%E8%AE%B0\"><\/a>\u540e\u8bb0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff08realism\uff09\u5f88\u591a\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u77e5\u9053\u6216\u8005\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u540e\u6765\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u662f\u5143\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u548c\u5b83\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u975e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u975e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u666e\u904d\u5927\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u60f3\u7684\uff09\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\u7167\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u521a\u51fa\u751f\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u811a\u5241\u4e0b\u6765\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u9519\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u9053\u5fb7\u975e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u9053\u5fb7\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8dfa\u811a\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u770b\u89c1\u8bc1\u660e\uff08prove\/proof\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u7ed9\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5c31\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e4e\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6392\u9664\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u7a81\u7136\u60f3\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u5927\u4e00\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6000\u7591\u90a3\u4e2a\u7684\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5927\u4e00\u5230\u5927\u4e8c\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u5929\u5406\u559d\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u60f3\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u4e0a\u54f2\u5b66\u8bfe\u65f6\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u82b1\u5f88\u4e45\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8d1d\u514b\u83b1\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u4f1a\u82b1\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u5b83\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u96be\u514d\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u5df1\u7247\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u54f2\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56fd\u5916\u54f2\u5b66\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff081\uff09\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5e76\u4e14\uff082\uff09\u9053\u5fb7\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u4e8e\uff082\uff09\u5f88\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u620f\u79f0\u201c\u5927\u4e00\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u8005\u201d\uff08Freshman relativist\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u63e3\u6d4b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u8bfb\u8fc7\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4f11\u8c1f\u5f0f\u7684\u4fbf\u5c31\u518d\u6ca1\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u4e0b\u53bb\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u63e3\u6d4b\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u597d\u5947\u4e3a\u4f55\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u5f88\u591a\u800c\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u67097-8\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c0f\u4f17\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b80\u5355\u7785\u4e86\u4e00\u773c\u95ee\u5377\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fn:3\">3<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u54f2\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u6216\u8005\u61c2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u62b1\u6b49\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u7edf\u8ba1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-515479d17a07e2918fdcd3718a4f52b9_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-515479d17a07e2918fdcd3718a4f52b9_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-515479d17a07e2918fdcd3718a4f52b9_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-515479d17a07e2918fdcd3718a4f52b9_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-515479d17a07e2918fdcd3718a4f52b9_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-515479d17a07e2918fdcd3718a4f52b9_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33\u539f\u658721\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6027\u522b\u7edf\u8ba1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-aeb29be57b98cd8676aa15c17c2b896a_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-aeb29be57b98cd8676aa15c17c2b896a_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-aeb29be57b98cd8676aa15c17c2b896a_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-aeb29be57b98cd8676aa15c17c2b896a_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-aeb29be57b98cd8676aa15c17c2b896a_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-aeb29be57b98cd8676aa15c17c2b896a_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33\u539f\u658722\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6240\u5728\u9886\u57df\uff08philosophical traditions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-4a8f0b54bf141c57add387027d47e9b5_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-4a8f0b54bf141c57add387027d47e9b5_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-4a8f0b54bf141c57add387027d47e9b5_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-4a8f0b54bf141c57add387027d47e9b5_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-4a8f0b54bf141c57add387027d47e9b5_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-4a8f0b54bf141c57add387027d47e9b5_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33\u539f\u658722\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff08Areas of specialization\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-36e921b21b642a133943d7120eacc3ce_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-36e921b21b642a133943d7120eacc3ce_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-36e921b21b642a133943d7120eacc3ce_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-36e921b21b642a133943d7120eacc3ce_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-36e921b21b642a133943d7120eacc3ce_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-36e921b21b642a133943d7120eacc3ce_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-d1bb2349cb3317c5fbef37e18827a865_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-d1bb2349cb3317c5fbef37e18827a865_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-d1bb2349cb3317c5fbef37e18827a865_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-d1bb2349cb3317c5fbef37e18827a865_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-d1bb2349cb3317c5fbef37e18827a865_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-d1bb2349cb3317c5fbef37e18827a865_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33\u539f\u658723\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6700\u8ba4\u540c\u54ea\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08most identified with\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-b0d4be8af89a1d9c156fe9a31a0a1866_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-b0d4be8af89a1d9c156fe9a31a0a1866_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-b0d4be8af89a1d9c156fe9a31a0a1866_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-b0d4be8af89a1d9c156fe9a31a0a1866_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-b0d4be8af89a1d9c156fe9a31a0a1866_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-b0d4be8af89a1d9c156fe9a31a0a1866_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33\u6587\u7ae0\u768424\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7 2. \u4f11\u8c1f 3. \u5eb7\u5fb7 4. \u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766 5. \u5927\u536b\u8def\u6613\u65af\uff08David Lewis) 6. \u5a01\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5965\u66fc\u00b7\u84af\u56e0 7. \u5f17\u96f7\u683c 8 \u9c81\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u7eb3\u666e 9 \u7f57\u7d20 10 \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe 14 \u9a6c\u514b\u601d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u548c2009\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53d8\u52a8\u6700\u5927\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-6a99c3b7c40af0a88601f7721cd9a1b2_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-6a99c3b7c40af0a88601f7721cd9a1b2_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-6a99c3b7c40af0a88601f7721cd9a1b2_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-6a99c3b7c40af0a88601f7721cd9a1b2_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-6a99c3b7c40af0a88601f7721cd9a1b2_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-6a99c3b7c40af0a88601f7721cd9a1b2_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33\u539f\u658725\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e2009\u5e74\u8c03\u67e5\u90a3\u6279\u4eba\u57282020\u5e74\u8c03\u67e5\u53d8\u5316\u5e45\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic4.zhimg.com\/v2-a26afc3ef49265a4896b31160fe3f98b_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic4.zhimg.com\/v2-a26afc3ef49265a4896b31160fe3f98b_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic4.zhimg.com\/v2-a26afc3ef49265a4896b31160fe3f98b_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic4.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-a26afc3ef49265a4896b31160fe3f98b_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic4.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-a26afc3ef49265a4896b31160fe3f98b_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic4.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-a26afc3ef49265a4896b31160fe3f98b_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e33\u6587\u7ae025\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e9a\u6d32\u53c2\u4e0e\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u773c\u4e86\u7136\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u54c8\uff09<\/strong>&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fn:4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-767962cd696f537323fa1d6197ab934a_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-767962cd696f537323fa1d6197ab934a_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-767962cd696f537323fa1d6197ab934a_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-767962cd696f537323fa1d6197ab934a_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-767962cd696f537323fa1d6197ab934a_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-767962cd696f537323fa1d6197ab934a_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-7681db8b45b74eb744bac963613a1941_b.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-7681db8b45b74eb744bac963613a1941_b.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-7681db8b45b74eb744bac963613a1941_b.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-7681db8b45b74eb744bac963613a1941_1440w.jpg\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-7681db8b45b74eb744bac963613a1941_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-7681db8b45b74eb744bac963613a1941_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e8c\u56fe\u89c1\u6ce8\u89e34<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u53c2\u8003\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83\"><\/a>\u53c2\u8003<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.<a href=\"https:\/\/survey2020.philpeople.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/survey2020.philpeople.org\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fnref:1\">\u00a0\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.<a href=\"https:\/\/survey2020.philpeople.org\/survey\/design\/thoughts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Perhaps the most common objection to the 2020 survey was that the survey questions were strongly skewed to certain traditions and orientations in philosophy. Respondents from non-analytic philosophical traditions often reported feeling somewhat alienated by the questions, and even respondents from analytic traditions sometimes reported that the questions reflected a fairly traditional conception of philosophy that did not fully represent philosophy as it is done in 2020.We acknowledge these criticisms as reasonable. We made some attempt to find questions from non-analytic traditions, but it was difficult to find candidates that enough of our target group would be familiar with\u2026 We\u2019re especially sorry for bringing about feelings of alienation. We will try harder next time.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fnref:2\">\u00a0\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.<a href=\"https:\/\/philarchive.org\/archive\/BOUPOP-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/philarchive.org\/archive\/BOUPOP-3<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fnref:3\">\u00a0\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.<a href=\"https:\/\/survey2020.philpeople.org\/survey\/design\/target-departments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/survey2020.philpeople.org\/survey\/design\/target-departments<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\/#fnref:4\">\u00a0\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89\">https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%B5%9E%E5%90%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88PhilPapers-Survey-2020%EF%BC%89<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Philpapers Survey 2020 @ref: \u6458\u81ea&nbsp;https:\/\/zhuanlan.z [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8882\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}