{"id":8874,"date":"2024-09-18T11:35:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T03:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=8874"},"modified":"2024-09-18T11:35:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T03:35:45","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e4%bb%b7%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=8874","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4ef7\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">@ref&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/361851239\/answer\/945015231\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u4ef7\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u300c\u4ef7\u503c\u300d? &#8211; \u77e5\u4e4e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u597d\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5584\u201d\uff08goodness\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bf4\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u597d\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff08moral value\uff09\u548c\u201c\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff08prudential value\uff09\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC\/#fn:1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08consequentialism\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u5bfc\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5177\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u6587\u5316\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08welfarism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\uff08\u6216\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u9053\u5fb7\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08moral nihilism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1bG.E.Moore\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC\/#fn:2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u5c31\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u7740\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5173\u4e8e\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4eab\u4e50\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08hedonism\uff09\uff1a\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u597d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b32\u671b\u6ee1\u8db3\u7406\u8bba\uff08desire stisfaction theory\uff09\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4f53\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u597d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u89c2\u6e05\u5355\u7406\u8bba\uff08objective list theory\uff09\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u3001\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u4f1a\u5c06\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u5305\u542b\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u80fd\u591f\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u5229\u5df1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08ethical egoism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08utilitarianism\uff09\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5177\u6709\u611f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u88ab\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u6240\u5305\u542b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08telic egalitarianism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e73\u7b49\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u5e73\u7b49\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08pluralism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u7531\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff08intrinsic value\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u5916\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff08extrinsic value\uff09\u6216\/\u548c\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff08instrumental value\uff09\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC\/#fn:3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5916\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7531\u4e8e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u800c\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56de\u7b54\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/28903722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Intrinsic Value\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u5173\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/value-theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Value Theory<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/value-intrinsic-extrinsic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Value<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.zhihu.com\/?target=https%3A\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/well-being\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Well-Being<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u8003:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u738b\u6631\u6d32<br>\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/361851239\/answer\/945015231\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/361851239\/answer\/945015231<\/a><br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u77e5\u4e4e<br>\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u5f52\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6709\u3002\u5546\u4e1a\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u4f5c\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u201cprudential value\u201d\u76f4\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5ba1\u614e\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u5176\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u201c\u5e78\u798f\u201d\uff08well-being\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6545\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5e78\u798f\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC\/#fnref:1\">\u00a0\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.Moore\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898\u8bba\u8bc1\u201d\uff1a 1. \u5982\u679cX\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u5584\u201d, \u90a3\u4e48 \u201cX\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5584\u7684\u5417\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684. 2. \u201cX\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5584\u7684\u5417\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u30023. \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cX\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u5584\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC\/#fnref:2\">\u00a0\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u5916\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5916\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC\/#fnref:3\">\u00a0\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC\">https:\/\/beefyheisenberg.github.io\/61.Philosophy\/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>@ref&nbsp;\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u4ef7\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u300c\u4ef7\u503c\u300d? &#8211; \u77e5\u4e4e \u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2 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