{"id":12338,"date":"2026-05-25T11:51:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T03:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=12338"},"modified":"2026-05-25T11:51:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T03:51:06","slug":"%e5%bd%92%e5%9b%a0%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=12338","title":{"rendered":"\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f52\u56e0\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u5982\u5185\u5728vs\u5916\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u6e90\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08Heider, APA 2023\uff09\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u5f52\u56e0\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u5173\u952e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u539f\u56e0\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u8d28\u3001\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u6216\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u60c5\u5883\u3001\u73af\u5883\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u89e3\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4f18\u5316\u65e5\u5e38\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5361\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u6743\u5a01\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5185\u5bb9\u4e25\u8c28\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8eFritz Heider\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c(Heider, 1958)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f52\u56e0\uff08attribution\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08internal attributions\uff09\u6216\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08external attributions\uff09\u3002\u5185\u5728\u5f52\u56e0\u5f3a\u8c03\u884c\u4e3a\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u6027\u683c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u8fdf\u5230\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u61d2\u60f0\u201d\uff09\uff1b\u5916\u5728\u5f52\u56e0\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u60c5\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u73af\u5883\u538b\u529b\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u8fdf\u5230\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\u201d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\uff08fundamental attribution error\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f52\u56e0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4f30\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u4f4e\u4f30\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4eba\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u5185\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u60c5\u5883\u538b\u529b\uff08\u5916\u5728\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u504f\u5dee\u6e90\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7b80\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f(Ross, 1977)\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u5f52\u56e0\u504f\u5dee<\/strong>\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u5229\u504f\u5dee\uff08self-serving bias\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c06\u6210\u529f\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u6280\u80fd\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u8fd0\u6c14\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5c0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u884c\u52a8\u8005-\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u504f\u5dee\uff08actor-observer bias\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u201c\u6211\u53d1\u813e\u6c14\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u538b\u529b\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u201c\u4ed6\u53d1\u813e\u6c14\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u813e\u6c14\u5dee\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f52\u56e0\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1aBernard Weiner\uff081985\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5f52\u56e0\u6d89\u53ca\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\uff08locus of control\uff0c\u5185\u5728vs\u5916\u5728\uff09\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff08stability\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5426\u6301\u4e45\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\uff08controllability\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6291\u90c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5f52\u56e0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53d7\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5dee\u5f02\u5f71\u54cd(Miller, 1984)\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u9645\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f52\u56e0\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7531Fritz Heider\u57281958\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u3002Heider\u7684\u201c\u6734\u7d20\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08naive psychology\uff09\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u50cf\u201c\u76f4\u89c9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\u884c\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u73af\u5883(Heider, 1958)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5f52\u56e0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540e\u7eed\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u5e94\u63a8\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff08correspondent inference theory\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531Edward Jones\u548cKeith Davis\uff081965\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u63a8\u65ad\u7a33\u5b9a\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Weiner\u7684\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\uff1aBernard Weiner\uff081985\uff09\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\u5f52\u56e0\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5f52\u56e0\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u5185\u5728\u5f52\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u5982\u201c\u6211\u6210\u529f\u662f\u56e0\u52aa\u529b\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u5728\u5f52\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u524a\u5f31\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u8fdb\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u751f\u5b66\u4e60\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8ba4\u77e5\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u878d\u5165\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u548c\u504f\u5dee(Kahneman &amp; Tversky, 1973)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f52\u56e0\u504f\u5dee\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6377\u5f84\uff08heuristics\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u51b3\u7b56\u4f46\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u8003\u4e13\u4e1a\u6559\u6750\u5982APA\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300aSocial Psychology\u300b\uff08Aronson, Wilson, &amp; Akert, 2019\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7406\u8bba\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982Aaron Beck\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u7406\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8d1f\u5411\u5f52\u56e0\u98ce\u683c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20(Beck, 1976)\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8bc1\u77e5\u8bc6\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4eba\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u51b7\u6de1\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u51b7\u6f20\uff08\u201c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u6211\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5916\u5728\u538b\u529b\uff08\u5982\u5de5\u4f5c\u7e41\u5fd9\uff09\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5f52\u56e0\u518d\u8bad\u7ec3\u201d\u4e3b\u52a8\u8003\u8651\u60c5\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u5417\uff1f\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u540c\u7406\u5fc3(Ross, 1977)\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u54a8\u8be2\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6559\u80b2\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1a\u6559\u5e08\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u5f52\u56e0\u5f71\u54cd\u6559\u5b66\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6559\u5e08\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u5931\u8d25\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u671f\u671b\uff1b\u800c\u8003\u8651\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\uff09\u53ef\u6fc0\u52b1\u652f\u6301\u6027\u5e72\u9884\u3002Weiner\uff081985\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u5bfc\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5f52\u56e0\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u5f3a\u5b66\u751f\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f3a\u8c03\u52aa\u529b\uff08\u53ef\u63a7\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u800c\u975e\u5929\u8d4b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u804c\u573a\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u4f18\u5316\u56e2\u961f\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5458\u5de5\u7ee9\u6548\u65f6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u5229\u504f\u5dee\uff08\u5c06\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u529f\u5f52\u56e0\u81ea\u8eab\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5e73\u8861\u5f52\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8bc4\u4f30\u5de5\u5177\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u60c5\u5883\u5206\u6790\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u548c\u5408\u4f5c(APA Ethics Code, 2017)\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u4fc3\u8fdb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f52\u56e0\u98ce\u683c\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u798f\u7949\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8d1f\u5411\u5f52\u56e0\uff08\u5982\u5c06\u8d1f\u9762\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f52\u56e0\u5185\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u6291\u90c1\u98ce\u9669(Seligman, 1975)\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a9\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba4\u77e5\u91cd\u6784\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u8bb0\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u6311\u6218\u5f52\u56e0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e13\u4e1a\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u58f0\u79f0\u6cbb\u7597\u8d44\u8d28\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u662f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u652f\u6301\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5e72\u9884\uff08\u5982\u5f52\u56e0\u8bad\u7ec3\uff09\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1(Miller, 1984)\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u52a9\u529b\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1aLee Ross\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\uff081977\uff09\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u89c2\u5bdf\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ade\u8d5b\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\u626e\u6f14\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u9ad8\u4f30\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u5185\u5728\u5f52\u56e0\uff09\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u60c5\u5883\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u53d1\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5982Miller, 1984\uff09\u63a2\u8ba8\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u5185\u5728\u5f52\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\uff08\u5982\u4e1c\u4e9a\uff09\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u5916\u5728\u60c5\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f52\u56e0\u4e0e\u52a8\u673a\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\uff1aBernard Weiner\uff081985\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u5f52\u56e0\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u6210\u5c31\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u53ef\u63a7\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u52a8\u673a\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1b\u800c\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u673a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u8fdb\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u5173\u8054\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\uff1aMartin Seligman\uff081975\uff09\u7684\u201c\u4e60\u5f97\u6027\u65e0\u52a9\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u8d1f\u9762\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u8d1f\u5411\u5f52\u56e0\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u6291\u90c1\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5982Abramson et al., 1978\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u5f52\u56e0\u98ce\u683c\u95ee\u5377\uff08ASQ\uff09\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5185\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u5f52\u56e0\u4e0e\u6291\u90c1\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u4e8eDSM-5-TR(APA, 2022)\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f52\u56e0\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5747\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u6743\u5a01\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76(Miller, 1984)\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f52\u56e0\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff0c\u7a81\u663e\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u591a\u5143\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6743\u5a01\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5185\u5bb9\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u516c\u8ba4\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6307\u5357\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Heider, F. (1958).\u00a0The psychology of interpersonal relations. Wiley.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process.\u00a0Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 173-220.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion.\u00a0Psychological Review, 92(4), 548-573.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u8003\u5305\u62ecAPA\u6559\u6750\uff08Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., &amp; Akert, R. M. (2019).&nbsp;Social Psychology&nbsp;(10th ed.). Pearson\uff09\u548cDSM-5-TR\uff08American Psychiatric Association. (2022).&nbsp;Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders&nbsp;(5th ed., text rev.)\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u5168\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/m.geilixinli.com\/baike\/knowledge\/1028\">https:\/\/m.geilixinli.com\/baike\/knowledge\/1028<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f52\u56e0\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u5982\u5185\u5728vs\u5916\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u6e90\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08Heider, APA 2023 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12338\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}