{"id":12292,"date":"2026-05-21T18:33:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T10:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=12292"},"modified":"2026-05-21T18:33:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T10:33:39","slug":"%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%ad%a6-behavioural-economics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=12292","title":{"rendered":"\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66-Behavioural Economics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u5e8f\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/a>\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7eb3\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4ee5\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53d7\u63a7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u8be5\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u578b<\/a>-homo economicus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u88ab\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u2026\u2026\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684&#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u522b\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u522b\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56de\u5fc6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u2026\u2026\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765(\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u597d!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 \u4f20\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u201c\u65b0\u201d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u6982\u5ff5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u57fa\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u6982\u5ff5\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u72af\u9519(\u91cf\u5316\u54cd\u5e94\u5e73\u8861)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7(\u538c\u6076\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e38\u89c1<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E5%81%8F%E8%A7%81&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u504f\u89c1<\/a>\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3 \u65b9\u6cd5-Methodology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u63a7\u5236\u5b9e\u9a8c:\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u73b0\u573a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u73b0\u573a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u91ce\u5916\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c(\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u51c6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022(\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027<\/a>-Bounded Rationality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E5%BC%8F&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f<\/a>\u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027-Heuristics and Bounded Rationality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\/\u6216\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f18\u5316\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f<\/strong>(\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8db3\u591f\u597d\u201d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u51b3\u7b56\u89c4\u5219)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u504f\u89c1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f62\u6210\u504f\u597d-\u641c\u7d22\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6ee1\u610f(\u897f\u8499)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u62b1\u8d1f\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u5c1d\u8bd5\u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u613f\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba4\u77e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u672a\u6765\u62bd\u6837(\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u4f1a)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6700\u4f18\u641c\u7d22\u90a3\u6837\u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9:\u6309\u65b9\u9762\u6dd8\u6c70<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u5217\u8868\/\u65b9\u9762<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u4ece\u8003\u8651\u4e2d\u5254\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762(\u613f\u671b)\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2a\u4f53&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>i<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u5728\u65f6\u95f4&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>t<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u671f\u671b\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>U<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mo><\/mrow><mi>s<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>i<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c<strong>\u5728\u6548\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528(\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4)\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee3\u7406\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u9884\u671f\u6548\u7528\u7ed3\u679c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1. \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2. \u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b:\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0cBE\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u975e\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u597d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u98ce\u9669\u504f\u597d:\u53c2\u8003\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u635f\u5931\u89c4\u907f\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u89c4\u907f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u504f\u597d:\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53cc\u66f2\u6298\u73b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793e\u4f1a\u504f\u597d:\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5229\u4ed6\u548c\u4e92\u60e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. \u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fc7\u5206\u81ea\u4fe1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u6982\u7387\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8bed\u5883\u6216\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8868\u73b0(\u6846\u67b6)\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u51b3\u7b56<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u60c5\u7eea\u5f71\u54cd\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u8bc4\u4f30\u5907\u9009\u65b9\u6848\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u77e5-\u5b8c\u5168\u504f\u597d(\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u516c\u7406)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u504f\u597d(\u4f20\u9012\u6027\u516c\u7406)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u62c9\u5bbe\u8bf4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BE\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d;\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f34\u968f\u8fd9\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002BE\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u72af\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u6027\u5730\u4e0d\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5f88\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u65e0\u79c1\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5feb\u4e50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u662f\u201c\u6709\u610f\u201d\u7406\u6027\u7684;agent\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684(Simon, 1957;\u5361\u5c3c\u66fc,2003)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2022\u53c2\u8003\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u7a81\u51fa\u548c\u5173\u6ce8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u548c\u504f\u5dee?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f Heuristics<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219(\u5fc3\u7406\u6377\u5f84)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f18\u70b9:\u5feb\u901f(\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684)\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7f3a\u70b9:\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u504f\u89c1Biases<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6548\u7528\u635f\u5931\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u504f\u5dee:&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>U<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>U<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u524d\u540e\u5173\u7cfb\u6548\u5e94-Context Effects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2022\u6743\u8861\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6548\u679c-<strong>Trade-off contrast effect-Decoy Effect:<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u907f\u514d\u9009\u62e9\/\u51b3\u5b9a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u951a\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u6781\u5ea6\u538c\u6076\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u4e0e\u59a5\u534f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u4e0e\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u9009\u62e9\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0d\u7b26\u70b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53c2\u8003\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6548\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53c2\u8003\u76f8\u5173\u503c\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7980\u8d4b\u6548\u5e94<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6846\u67b6\u6548\u5e94<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u538c\u6076\u635f\u5931-\u635f\u5931\u5927\u4e8e\u6536\u76ca-<strong>losses loom larger than gains<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u96c6\u6210<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Willingness to pay (WTP); Maximum they are willing to pay for a good\/service.-Willingness to accept (WTA):Minimum someone has to pay them for them to relinquish a good\/service.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ea4\u6613\u6548\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022<strong>\u4ea4\u6613\u6548\u7528<\/strong>\u8861\u91cf\u8d2d\u4e70\u67d0\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u51c0\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022<strong>\u6536\u8d2d\u6548\u7528<\/strong>\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u4f30\u503c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\u67d0\u7269\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u51c0\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mental Accounts\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u4e92\u6362\u7684\u94b1-Fungibility of Money<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u6258\u67b6-Choice Bracketing<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>excursion into psychology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.3 \u4e13\u4e1a\u540d\u8bcd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u951a\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u201c\u951a\u5b9a\u201d\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982:\u4f30\u8ba16\u670830\u65e5\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29?-\u5c06\u4f30\u8ba1\u951a\u5b9a\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\u7684\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u9ad8\u4f30\u5750\u98de\u673a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u8f66\u7684\u5371\u9669<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u9ed1\u5e2e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ed3\u5408\u8c2c\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5361\u5c3c\u66fc\u548c\u7279\u7ef4\u65af\u57fa(1983)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7433\u8fbe31\u5c81\uff0c\u5355\u8eab\uff0c\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\uff0c\u806a\u660e\u3002\u5979\u5b66\u4e60\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u53cd\u6838\u793a\u5a01\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.\u7433\u8fbe\u662f\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7684\u8001\u5e08<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u7433\u8fbe\u662f\u94f6\u884c\u51fa\u7eb3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.\u7433\u8fbe\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u52a0\u5973\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u7433\u8fbe\u5728\u4fdd\u9669\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. \u7433\u8fbe\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u94f6\u884c\u51fa\u7eb3\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u5973\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u8c2c\u8bef\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8868\u6027Conjunction Fallacy and Representativeness<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d85\u8fc780%\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u67dc\u5458\u5e76\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u5973\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u6392\u5728\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u67dc\u5458\u201d\u524d\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002(Pr(A)\u2265Pr(A\u2229B))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbeA= event\u7433\u8fbe\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u94f6\u884c\u51fa\u7eb3\uff0cB= event\u7433\u8fbe\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e0e\u57fa\u51c6\u7387\u5ffd\u89c6Representativeness and Base Rate Neglect<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5361\u7eb3\u66fc\u548c\u7279\u7ef4\u65af\u57fa(1973)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6c64\u59c6W.\u667a\u5546\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6574\u6d01\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u76f8\u5f53\u6c89\u95f7\u548c\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u5957\u7684\u53cc\u5173\u8bed\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u95ea\u73b0\u800c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8fdb\u53d6\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4e0e\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5c0f\u6570\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8d4c\u5f92\u8c2c\u8bef\u548c\u70ed\u624b\u8c2c\u8befLaw of Small Numbers, Gambler&#8217;s Fallacy and Hot-hand Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5c0f\u6570\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/strong>:\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u5c11\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u6837\u672c\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8d4c\u5f92\u8c2c\u8bef<\/strong>:\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u968f\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5148\u524d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u53e5:\u8001\u864e\u673a\u4e0d\u8d62\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8d62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u70ed\u624b\u8c2c\u8bef<\/strong>:\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u67d0\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u591a\u5143\u5316\u548c\u6295\u5c04\u504f\u5deeDiversification and Projection Biases<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u591a\u5143\u5316\u504f\u5dee<\/strong>\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u6d88\u8d39\u9009\u62e9\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6295\u5c04\u504f\u5dee<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u504f\u597d\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u672a\u6765\u504f\u597d\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u5938\u5927\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u6765\u504f\u597d\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u504f\u597d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u504f\u89c1\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406Biases and Organisational Management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u540e\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u504f\u89c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f30\u5176\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0:\u672a\u80fd\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\u2022\u6307\u8d23\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u504f\u5deeSelf-serving Bias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u5185\u5728\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u542b\u4e49:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u6563\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u8d23\u4efb\u66f4\u5c11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u62a5\u916c\u8fc7\u4f4e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8fc7\u5206\u81ea\u4fe1Overconfidence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u5bf9\u80fd\u529b\u9ad8\u4f30<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9a7e\u9a76\u80fd\u529b:70%\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u6392\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u534a(Svenson, 1981)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u7f29\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u96ea\u5730\u9a7e\u9a76\u80fd\u529b\u201d(Dunning et\u30021989)\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6613\u56de\u5fc6\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u504f\u89c1:\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u6563\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u8d23\u4efb\u66f4\u5c11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u62a5\u916c\u8fc7\u4f4e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u89c9\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u504f\u89c1\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6982\u7387\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7980\u8d4b\u6548\u5e94Endowment Effect<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u94b1\u6765\u653e\u5f03\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u94b1\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kahneman, knnetch, Thaler(1990)\u5b9e\u9a8c:\u2022\u968f\u673a\u7ed9\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u676f\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u3002\u2022\u62e5\u6709\u676f\u5b50\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u9648\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u51fa\u552e\u676f\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u683c(WTA)\u3002\u2022\u6ca1\u6709\u676f\u5b50\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u9648\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u676f\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u683c(WTP)\u3002\u2022\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e02\u573a\u51fa\u6e05\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9a6c\u514b\u676f\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u7b49\u4e8e\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8d38\u6613\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5bf9\u676f\u5b50\u7684\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u9a6c\u514b\u676f\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u70b9:\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u514b\u676f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e3a\u5356\u65b9\u635f\u5931\u4e00\u4e2a\u676f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e70\u65b9\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u676f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u559c\u6b22\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u56e0\u4e3a\u635f\u5931\u5927\u4e8e\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u5356\u5bb6\u6bd4\u4e70\u5bb6\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u676f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u635f\u5931\u89c4\u907f<\/strong>(Kahneman &amp; Tversky1984)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002\u5bf9\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6bd4\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pica.zhimg.com\/v2-e0ae2370ba294262b0f2040fcf612e92_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pica.zhimg.com\/v2-e0ae2370ba294262b0f2040fcf612e92_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u4ef7\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6bd4\u6536\u76ca\u66f4\u5927<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u73b0\u72b6\u504f\u89c1Status-quo Bias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u73b0\u72b6\u504f\u89c1(Samuelson\u548cZeckhauser,1988):\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0cdm\u5f80\u5f80\u9009\u62e9\u7ef4\u6301\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u73b0\u72b6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u597d\u8f83\u5f31\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u504f\u597d\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u504f\u5dee\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f31\u3002\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u72b6\u7684(\u76f8\u5bf9)\u504f\u5411\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57c3\u5c14\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E5%89%8D%E6%99%AF%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u524d\u666f\u7406\u8bba<\/a>(Prospect Theory)\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51b3\u7b56\u52a0\u6743\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5305\u62ec\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u6253\u8d4c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f38\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u4e86\u76f8\u7b49\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u7ea2\u7403\u548c\u9ed1\u7403\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u6253\u8d4c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u4e86\u672a\u77e5\u6570\u76ee\u7ea2\u7403\u548c\u9ed1\u7403\u7f38\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u5e38\u5730\uff0c<strong>\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u504f\u597d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6765\u6e90\u76f8\u4f9d(Source Dependence)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u97e6\u5c14\u65af\u51ef(Amos Tversky)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6765\u6e90\u76f8\u4f9d\u6709\u6765\u6e90\u504f\u597d\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6765\u6e90\u504f\u597d\u56e0\u4e3a\u635f\u5931\u51cf\u5c0f\u52a0\u6743\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d62\u5229\u589e\u52a0\u52a0\u6743\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u5c14\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u6982\u7387\u7684\u7f38\u7684\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u4e8e\u672a\u77e5\u6982\u7387\u7684\u7f38\u6b63\u597d\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong>\u5e76\u4e14\u7279\u97e6\u5c14\u65af\u51ef\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u654f\u611f\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ece\u671f\u671b\u6548\u7528\u7684\u80cc\u79bb\u3002<strong>\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u7075\u901a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u65e0\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u98ce\u9669\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5fc3\u7406\u8d26\u6237<\/a>-Mental Accounting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.1 \u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570-Utility Function<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5f15\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56-Reference Dependence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5355\u8c03\u6027:&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>c<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>c<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076-Loss aversion:&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8fb9\u9645\u4ef7\u503c\u9012\u51cf\u5728\u589e\u76ca\u57df\u4e2d:<strong>concave function<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u635f\u5931\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u654f\u611f\u6027\u9012\u51cf:\u5047\u8bbe\u635f\u5931\u4e3a&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>l<\/mi><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>c<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;:&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>c<\/mi><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>l<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>c<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>l<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u7531\u4e8e\u635f\u5931\u4ece&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>l<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u589e\u52a0\u5230&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>c<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4f30\u503c\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7531\u4e8e\u635f\u5931\u4ece&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\u589e\u52a0\u5230&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>l<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4f30\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Function must be convex in the loss domain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/picx.zhimg.com\/v2-64c3db4b6e9a5b6d5d23a58090ab944d_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/picx.zhimg.com\/v2-64c3db4b6e9a5b6d5d23a58090ab944d_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u635f\u5931\u57df\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u51f8\u7684<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u635f\u5931\u89c4\u907f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u524d\u666f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>,<\/mo><mi>y<\/mi><mo>,<\/mo><mi>p<\/mi><mo>,<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>p<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;\u5177\u6709\u635f\u5931\u89c4\u907f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u53c2\u8003\u6548\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>p<\/mi><mi>\u03c5<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mo><\/mrow><mi>r<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>+<\/mo><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>p<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mi>\u03c5<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>y<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mo><\/mrow><mi>r<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03c5<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>z<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mo><\/mrow><mi>r<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mo>{<\/mo><mtable columnalign=\"right left right left right left right left right left right left\" rowspacing=\"3pt\" columnspacing=\"0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em\" displaystyle=\"true\"><mtr><mtd><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>z<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>r<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mtd><mtd><\/mtd><mtd><mi>i<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><mi>z<\/mi><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mi>r<\/mi><\/mtd><\/mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>z<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>r<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mtd><mtd><\/mtd><mtd><mi>i<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><mi>z<\/mi><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mi>r<\/mi><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><mo fence=\"true\" stretchy=\"true\" symmetric=\"true\"><\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>r<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\uff0c&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u53c2\u6570\uff0c&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u9012\u589e\u7684\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u8bbe&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\uff0c&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u662f\u62e5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\uff1b<br>\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u89e3\u5f97\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u91d1\u94b1\u7684\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5c31\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u8bbe&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\uff0c&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u662f\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u662f\u62e5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\uff1b \u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u89e3\u5f97\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>u<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>p<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>W<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.2.\u503c\u51fd\u6570- Value Function<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mtable columnalign=\"right left right left right left right left right left right left\" rowspacing=\"3pt\" columnspacing=\"0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em\" displaystyle=\"true\"><mtr><mtd><mtable columnalign=\"right left\" rowspacing=\"3pt\" columnspacing=\"0em\" displaystyle=\"true\"><mtr><mtd><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mo>{<\/mo><mtable columnalign=\"left left\" rowspacing=\"4pt\" columnspacing=\"1em\"><mtr><mtd><msup><mrow><mo>|<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>|<\/mo><\/mrow><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mtd><mtd><mi>i<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mi>x<\/mi><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mtd><\/mtr><mtr><mtd><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><msup><mrow><mo>|<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>|<\/mo><\/mrow><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mtd><mtd><mi>i<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mi>x<\/mi><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><mo fence=\"true\" stretchy=\"true\" symmetric=\"true\"><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/math>;&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mn>0<\/mn><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>;<\/mo><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.3<\/strong>&nbsp;\u4eab\u4e50\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u52a0\u5de5<strong>\u548c\u6846\u67b6-Hedonic Editing and Framing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51e0\u4e2a\u589e\u76ca&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>g<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>g<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;;&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>g<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>g<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>g<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>+<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>g<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u21d2<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;Separate gains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51e0\u4e2a\u635f\u5931<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>l<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>l<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;;&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>l<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>l<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>l<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>+<\/mo><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>l<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u21d2<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;Integrate losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0f\u635f\u5931&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\u548c\u5927\u589e\u76ca&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>g<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\u4e0e&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>g<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u21d2<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;Integrate losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0f\u589e\u76ca&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>g<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\u548c\u5927\u635f\u5931&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>l<\/mi><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\u4e0e&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>g<\/mi><mo>\u226a<\/mo><mi>l<\/mi><\/math><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u21d2<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;Separate gains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>\u4eab\u4e50\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>:\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5229\u7528\u6574\u5408\u6216\u5206\u79bb\u7ed3\u679c\u6548\u679c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>\u4eab\u4e50\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong>:\u4eba\u4eec\u5206\u6790(\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d)\u591a\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u4eab\u4e50\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u70b9:\u6210\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.4 \u9884\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u6c89\u6ca1\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6298\u65e7Advance purchases, sunk costs, payment depreciation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u2022<\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u91c7\u8d2d\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u9884\u8ba2\u201d\uff0c\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6210\u672c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c<strong>\u8d8a\u660e\u663e<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u201c\u9017\u7559\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6c89\u6ca1\u6210\u672c:\u4e0d\u613f\u5b9e\u73b0\u635f\u5931<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u663e\u8457\u6027:\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u7c7b\u578b:\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u3001\u9a7e\u9a76\/\u901a\u52e4\u6210\u672c\u3001\u9690\u6027\u8d39\u7528\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d26\u6237\u6700\u7ec8\u5173\u95ed.<strong>strong time element<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5\u652f\u4ed8\u89e3\u8026 Payment Decoupling<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u9884\u4ed8\u5c06\u635f\u5931\u4e0e\u4eab\u53d7\/\u6548\u7528\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u9884\u4ed8\u5141\u8bb8\u5229\u7528\u8fb9\u9645\u654f\u611f\u6027\u9012\u51cf\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8d39\u7528\u5168\u5305\u7684\u5047\u671f\u6bd4\u4e0d\u5305\u7684\u5047\u671f\u8981\u8d35\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u79fb\u52a8\u8d39\u7387\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6309\u6b21\u4ed8\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e0e\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e00\u8d77\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c6a\u534e\u9644\u52a0\u8bbe\u65bd\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u4fbf\u5b9c\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u548c\u79df\u8f66\u8981\u8d35\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u201c\u5f00\u7740\u8ba1\u4ef7\u5668\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u652f\u4ed8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.6 \u5904\u7f6e\u6548\u5e94 Disposition Effect<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u2022<\/strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u5e02\u573a\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f:\u5356\u51fa\u54ea\u53ea\u80a1\u7968\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>\u7a0e\u6536<\/strong>:\u8d44\u672c\u6536\u76ca\u5fc5\u987b\u7eb3\u7a0e\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u53ef\u4ee5\u6263\u9664\uff1b\u6700\u597d\u662f\u5356\u51fa\u4e8f\u635f\u7684\u80a1\u7968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5f8b<\/strong>:\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u6536\u76ca\u6bd4\u4f8b&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>&gt;<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8f\u635f\u6bd4\u4f8b; \u2026\u2026\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u5151\u73b0\u4e8f\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u5bf9\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u8d26\u6237\u89c4\u907f\u635f\u5931:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d26\u7c3f\u4e2d\u7684\u635f\u5931\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u6216\u8d34\u73b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6216\u6536\u76ca\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8d26\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u5165\u8d26\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u635f\u5931\u6216\u6536\u76ca\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5b9e\u73b0\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7a81\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u907f\u514d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u8de8\u671f\u9009\u62e9Inter-temporal Choice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u8de8\u671f\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570Inter-temporal Choice and Utility Function<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u57fa\u4e8e\u540e\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4:\u4f55\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bf1\u60d1,\u62d6\u5ef6\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f55\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u610f\u5473\u7740:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6bd4\u8f83\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6d41<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u591a\u5c11\u6548\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5f53\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u548c\/\u6216<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Inter-temporal Utility Function<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u8bc4\u4f30\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6548\u7528\u6d41:\u4eca\u5929(&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>t<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;)\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u6548\u7528\u6d41\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30:&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6548\u7528\u6d41\u6700\u5927\u5316&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><\/math>&nbsp;\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6548\u7528\u6d41&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><\/msub><\/math>&nbsp;\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8d1f\u7684\uff0c\u96f6\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u6b63\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684:\u8bc4\u4f30\u672a\u6765\u6d41\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u65f6\u95f4&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>t<\/mi><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>;<\/mo><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>t<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>t<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4\u6027-Time Consistency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u8de8\u671f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0%E6%8A%98%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6307\u6570\u6298\u73b0\u6548\u7528<\/a>(EDU)Exponential Discounted Utility (EDU)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e38\u6570\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mo>\u2208<\/mo><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo>,<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u6548\u7528\u7684\u73b0\u503c(\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u503c)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>T<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msub><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8d8a\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5bf9\u4e8e&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5373\u65f6\u7684\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5bf9\u4e8e&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;,DM\u975e\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b81\u613f\u73b0\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u5c06\u6765\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6298\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u4e0e\u6298\u73b0\u7387&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u76f8\u5173:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><\/mrow><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><\/mfrac><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Experimental Evidence Present Bias:Preferences are time inconsistent<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u63a8\u8fdf\u6536\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u518d\u7b49\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u7b49\u591a\u5c11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u63a8\u8fdf\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u591a\u518d\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u624d\u80fd\u7533\u8bf7\u5ef6\u671f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u52a0\u5feb\u6536\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672a\u6765\u4ed8\u6b3e:\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u6025\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u5c11\u94b1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u52a0\u5feb\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u507f\u8fd8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u652f\u4ed8\u5c11\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u91d1\u989d:\u5c0f\u989d(40\u7f8e\u5143)vs\u5927\u989d(5000\u7f8e\u5143)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u77ed\u671f\u6025\u8e81:\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50\u66f4\u5c0f,\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u7edd\u5bf9\u9707\u7ea7\u6548\u5e94:\u6298\u6263\u7cfb\u6570\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u91d1\u989d\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u635f\u76ca\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0:\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022delay-speedup\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u6bd4\u63a8\u8fdf\u6536\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6298\u6263\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u52a0\u5feb\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/zhida.zhihu.com\/search?content_id=201241357&amp;content_type=Article&amp;match_order=1&amp;q=%E5%8F%8C%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF%E8%B4%B4%E7%8E%B0&amp;zhida_source=entity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\u8d34\u73b0<\/a>&nbsp;Hyperbolic Discounting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>\u2217<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>\u2217<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>\u2217<\/mo><mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msub><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 \u51c6\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\u8d34\u73b0Quasi Hyperbolic Discounting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>,<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>.<\/mo><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><munderover><mo>\u2211<\/mo><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>t<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><\/munderover><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><msubsup><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><\/mrow><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>t<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msubsup><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;:\u65e0\u5f53\u524d\u504f\u5dee(\u6807\u51c6EDU)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;:\u73b0\u5728\u6bd4\u672a\u6765\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6 \u62d6\u5ef6\u75c7\u4e0ePreproperation Procrastination vs. Preproperation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u62d6\u5ef6(\u5e26\u6765\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u597d\u5904)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u6109\u5feb\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9884\u5206\u914d(\u5177\u6709\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6210\u672c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7 \u590d\u6742\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4Sophisticated Decision Maker and Time Inconsistency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684DM\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u907f\u514d\u62d6\u5ef6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684DM\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9884\u9002\u5e94\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u98ce\u9669\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0b\u7684\u9009\u62e9 Choice under Risk &amp; Uncertainty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u524d\u666f(\u5b9a\u4e49)Prospect (Definition)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prospect\u662f\u6982\u7387\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u2208<\/mo><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mo>\u211d<\/mo><\/mrow><\/math>&nbsp;\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u524d\u666f&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>A<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u63a5\u53d7&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/msub><\/math>&nbsp;\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9762\u4e34\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u524d\u666fA&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>A<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02:&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>,<\/mo><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/msub><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u223c<\/mo><mi>A<\/mi><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u666f\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6ea2\u4ef7\u548c\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6001\u5ea6:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u98ce\u9669\u6ea2\u4ef7&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>R<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>E<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>A<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/msub><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>E<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>A<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;; \u98ce\u9669\u4e2d\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>E<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>A<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/msub><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;; \u98ce\u9669\u538c\u6076\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>E<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>A<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/msub><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/math>&nbsp;; \u98ce\u9669\u504f\u597d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u53cd\u5c04\u6548\u679c Reflection Effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. A: (\u00a34000, 0.8; \u00a30, 0.2) B: (\u00a33000, 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. C: (\u2212\u00a34000, 0.8; \u00a30, 0.2) D: (\u2212\u00a33000, 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u9009\u62e9B\u57281\uff0c\u9009\u62e9C\u57282<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u9009\u62e9B\u610f\u5473\u7740\u98ce\u9669\u89c4\u907f( ( )= 3,200 &gt; 3,000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u9009\u62e9C\u610f\u5473\u7740\u559c\u6b22\u5192\u9669( ( )=\u22123200 &lt;\u22123000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u635f\u5931\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u504f\u597d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8fd9\u5f88\u96be\u7528EUT\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 Allais Paradox<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choice of&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>N<\/mi><mo>\u227b<\/mo><mi>M<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>O<\/mi><mo>\u227b<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>M<\/mi><mo>\u227b<\/mo><mi>N<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>P<\/mi><mo>\u227b<\/mo><mi>O<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;violate the axiom of independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Common consequence violation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.4 \u5b64\u7acb\u6548\u5e94Isolation Effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prospect A: \u00a33000 for sure plus a choice between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A1: (\u00a33000, 0.5; \u00a30, 0.5) and A2: (\u00a31500,1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prospect B: \u00a36000 for sure plus a choice between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B1: (-\u00a33000, 0.5; \u00a30, 0.5) and B2: (-\u00a31500,1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In final states A and B are identical: (6000,0.5; 3000, 0.5); (4500,1) Most common choice: A2 &amp; B1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">risk aversion\/neutral in A and risk seeking\/neutral in B<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gamble is isolated from initial income (reference point)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5 Prospect Theory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prospect Theory generalizes EUT and captures many biases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It incorporates known behavioural regularities into the way the model is defined (process model):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Reference dependence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Loss aversion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Reflection effect (risk seeking in losses, risk averse in gains)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In its original version it consists of two phases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Editing Phase<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Evaluation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.6 Prospect Theory and relevant concepts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Framing effect-Kahneman and Tversky (1981)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mental Accounting<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.7 The Ellsberg Paradox<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4f60\u9762\u524d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u88c5\u6709100\u4e2a\u7ea2\u7403\u548c\u9ed1\u7403\u7684\u7f38I\u548c\u7f38\u2161\uff0c\u4f60\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u7f38\u2161\u91cc\u9762\u7ea2\u7403\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u662f5O\u4e2a\uff0c\u7f38I\u91cc\u9762\u7ea2\u7403\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea2\u7403\u6216\u8005\u9ed1\u7403\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u7f38I\u548c\u7f38\u2161\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u6807\u4e3a\u7ea2I\u3001\u9ed1I\u3001\u7ea2\u2161\u548c\u9ed1\u2161\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f38\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u5728\u7403\u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\u524d\u731c\u6d4b\u7403\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97$100\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u731c\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4f60\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6982\u7387\u7684\u542f\u8fea\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6982\u7387\u6d4b\u5ea6\u80fd\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u4fe1\u606fLearning from new information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1 \u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\/\u504f\u5deeRepresentativeness Heuristic\/Bias<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u7528\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5bf9\u5148\u9a8c\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u654f\u611f(\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u7387\u5ffd\u7565)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5bf9Chance\u7684\u8bef\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u9519\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 \u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0e\u57fa\u51c6\u7387\u5ffd\u7565Bayesian Updating and Base Rate Neglect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u6709\u4e24\u540d\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u540d62\u5c81\u7684\u5438\u70df\u8005(62S)\u548c\u4e00\u540d31\u5c81\u7684\u975e\u5438\u70df\u8005(31N)\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u80ba\u764c\u75c7\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5979\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6837\u672c\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u5bb6\u68c0\u6d4b\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8be5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u68c0\u51fa\u7387d=100%(\u65e0\u5047\u9634\u6027)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8bef\u62a5\u7387f=1\/1000\u3002(\u5065\u5eb7\u75c5\u4eba\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u75be\u75c5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e24\u9879\u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u5448\u9633\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u5979\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5:\u5982\u679c\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u9633\u6027(\u6216\u9634\u6027)\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u60a3\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u6709\u591a\u5927?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5979\u5e94\u8be5\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4eba\u60a3\u4e86\u764c\u75c7\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u6cbb\u7597\u5417?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u8d39\u7387!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u8bbe&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>H<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u8bc1\u636e&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>E<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u65b0\u8bc1\u636e&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>E<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u4e0b&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>H<\/mi><\/math>&nbsp;\u4e3a\u771f\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u6982\u7387:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mi>P<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>H<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mo><\/mrow><mi>E<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>P<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>E<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mo><\/mrow><mi>H<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u2217<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>H<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><mrow><mi>P<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mrow><mo>(<\/mo><mi>E<\/mi><mo>)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u770b\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u7387\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8054\u5408\u6982\u7387\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5ffd\u7565\u524d\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57fa\u7840\u7387\u5ffd\u7565\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57fa\u7840\u6bd4\u7387\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u95ee\u9898(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u9633\u6027\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u764c\u75c7\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898)\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u51b3\u7b56\u8005(\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u533b\u751f)\u5728\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u66f4\u65b0\u65b9\u9762\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u57fa\u672c\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u57fa\u672c\u6bd4\u7387\u5ffd\u89c6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f Availability Heuristic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u8d8a\u80fd\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b(\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e2d\u542c\u5230\u7684\u7537\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458)\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u8d8a\u91cd\u89c6\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u9f99\u5377\u98ce\u548c\u95ea\u7535\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u7b49\u81f4\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u9f99\u5377\u98ce\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u88ab\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u67aa\u652f\u4e8b\u6545vs.\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\uff0c\u4ed6\u6740vs.\u610f\u5916\u8dcc\u5012\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u666e\u904d\u98ce\u9669\u4e25\u91cd\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u5c0f\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\u4f30<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.4 \u786e\u8ba4\u504f\u8bef Confirmation Bias<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u786e\u8ba4\u504f\u8bef\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u504f\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u56de\u5fc6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5148\u524d\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.5\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03 Cognitive Dissonance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u6301\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u9002\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u77e5\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u8111\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.6 \u951a\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94Anchoring Effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.7 Law of Small Numbers: Gambler&#8217;s Fallacy &amp; Hot Hand Fallacy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u592a\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u6709\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u5747\u503c\u56de\u5f52\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5(\u671f\u671b\u5728\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u5e73\u5747\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u771f\u5b9e\u6982\u7387)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8d4c\u5f92\u8c2c\u8bef<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6982\u7387:\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u7403\u5458\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u826f\u597d\u201d\u6216\u201c\u987a\u98ce\u987a\u6c34\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u70ed\u624b\u8c2c\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. A Generic Voluntary Contributions Mechanism \/ Public Goods Game<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u20222\u73a9\u5bb6;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u67095\u7f8e\u5143<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u79c1\u4eba\u8d26\u6237\u6216\u516c\u5171\u8d26\u6237\u6350\u6b3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u5b58\u5165\u79c1\u4eba\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6350\u8d60\u7ed9\u516c\u4f17\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u94b1\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927(1.5\u500d)\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u540c\u6b65\u51fa\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6e38\u620f\u6216\u6709\u9650\u91cd\u590d\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/pica.zhimg.com\/v2-22a9c6fc12e1872cba28c31027dd922e_1440w.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pica.zhimg.com\/v2-22a9c6fc12e1872cba28c31027dd922e_1440w.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">n = 4, MPCR = 0.4(\u5373\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u56de\u62a5)\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u56de\u62a5\u51fd\u6570:&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><msub><mi>\u03c0<\/mi><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>i<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mi>m<\/mi><munderover><mo>\u2211<\/mo><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>j<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow><\/munderover><mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6e38\u620f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e3b\u9898\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u6350\u6b3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d21\u732e\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u6700\u540e\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u540d\u73a9\u5bb6\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4f9b\u6b3e\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u4e0e\u652f\u4ed8\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u4f9b\u6b3e\u4e0e\u652f\u4ed8\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u73a9\u5bb6\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u603b\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u96f6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u73a9\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u79ef\u6781\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u7ed3\u679c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5408\u4f5c:\u5e73\u5747\u6350\u6b3e=\u6350\u6b3e\u603b\u989d\u768434%\u5de6\u53f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u9884\u671f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.1 Machina Paradoxes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.2 Loss Aversion: The Mug Experiment (Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler 1990)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Markets for: Tokens and Mugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Willingness to Pay<\/strong>&nbsp;is the maximum price an individuals want to pay a good<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Willingness to Accept<\/strong>&nbsp;is the minimum compensation demanded by the owner to sell a good<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Standard Assumptions imply that WTA&nbsp;<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mo>\u2248<\/mo><\/math>&nbsp;WTP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Neuroeconomics<br>9.1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u795e\u7ecf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u51b3\u7b56 -\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u5408.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.\u793e\u4f1a\u504f\u597dsocial preferences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10.1 \u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\u6e38\u620fThe Ultimatum Game<br><br>\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e24\u540d\u7403\u5458:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u201d(\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u6216\u73a9\u5bb61)\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u603b\u989da\u3002\u5047\u8bbea = 10\u82f1\u9551\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63d0\u8bae\u4eba\u5c06\u603b\u91d1\u989d\u7684x\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u201c\u5e94\u7b54\u201d\u3002\u201c\u56de\u5e94\u8005\u201d(\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u6216\u53c2\u4e0e\u80052)\u77e5\u9053\u62a5\u4ef7x\u548c\u603b\u91d1\u989da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51b3\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u63d0\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56de\u62a5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u8005\u6536\u5230\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u91d1\u989dx\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u6536\u5230\u5269\u4f59\u00a3(10 &#8211; x)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5f970\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u884c\u4e3a?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e94\u7b54\u8005\u62d2\u7edd\u4f4e\u62a5\u4ef7?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u539f\u56e01:\u56de\u5e94\u8005\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5f97\u5230\u6bd4\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u3002(\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u538c\u6076)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u539f\u56e02:\u56de\u5e94\u8005\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u60e9\u7f5a\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u884c\u4e3a\u3002(\u8d1f\u4e92\u60e0)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u6570?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u75311:\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u516c\u5e73\u5bf9\u5f85\u56de\u5e94\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u7531\u4e8c:\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u5f88\u81ea\u79c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.2 \u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6e38\u620fDictator Game<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0e\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\u6e38\u620f\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u201d(\u73a9\u5bb61)\u505a\u51fa\u5206\u914d\u51b3\u5b9a\u6765\u5206\u914d\u86cb\u7cd5\uff0c\u603b\u91d1\u989da.\u51b3\u5b9a\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206x\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u94b1\u7559\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u201d(\u73a9\u5bb62)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u73a9\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f97\u5230x\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u5206\u914d\u7684\u91d1\u989d<br><strong>\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u7ea6\u4e3a39<\/strong>%\u3002\u5728\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u91d1\u989d\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4e3a\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.3 \u4fe1\u4efb\u6e38\u620fTrust Game<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bc4\u4ef6\u4eba\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u6350\u8d60\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f10\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u91d1\u989dx\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u54cd\u5e94\u5668\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u768410\u82f1\u9551\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u5c06\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u56de\u5e94\u8005:3\u500d\u5e94\u7b54\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u4f55\u91d1\u989d\u56de\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b?Responder\u5c06\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001x = 0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.4 \u793c\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u6e38\u620fGift Exchange Game<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u62df\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u8d44\u662f\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u652f\u914d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6548\u7387\u5de5\u8d44\u5047\u8bf4(Akerlof, 1982)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5361\u7eb3\u66fc\uff0c\u514b\u6d85\u5947\u548c\u585e\u52d2(1986):\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u4ea4\u6362\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u53ef\u80fd\u613f\u610f\u66f4\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.5 \u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u535a\u5f08Public Goods Game<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e:\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u535a\u5f08<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5178\u578b\u7ed3\u679c:\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e3a\u6b63\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u591a\u4eba\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\uff0c\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u642d\u4fbf\u8f66<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f6e\u3002Hermann, Th\u00f6ni\u548cG\u00e4chter(2008)\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e 2022-05-04 07:48\u30fb\u4e0a\u6d77<br><a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/508991236\">https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/508991236<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u5e8f\u8a00 \u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7eb3\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5fc3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12292"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12292\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}