\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\uff08Barnum Effect\uff09\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4ed6\u3002
\u81ea\u8bc1\u9884\u8a00\uff08Self-Fulfilling Prophecy\uff09\uff1a\u6700\u521d\u6301\u6709\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5f15\u53d1\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u671f\u671b\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002
\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff08Stereotype\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u7528\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e0\u89c6\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002
\u7164\u6c14\u706f\u6548\u5e94: \u53c8\u53eb\u8ba4\u77e5\u5426\u5b9a, \u901a\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u5c06\u865a\u5047\u3001\u7247\u9762\u6216\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u704c\u8f93\u7ed9\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\u9010\u6e10\u81ea\u6211\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u64cd\u63a7\u548c\u6d17\u8111<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u594f\u6548\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u4f8b\u8c2c\u8bef\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8bb0\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u90a3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u5fd8\u6389\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4efd\u63cf\u8ff0\u201c\u51c6\u786e\u201d\u7684\u9519\u89c9\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6b63\u4f8b\u8c2c\u8bef\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u7531\u4e8e\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u671f\u671b\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u4f8b\u8c2c\u8bef\u6548\u5e94\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u770b\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u8001\u662f11\uff1a11\uff08\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff09\u201d\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u6b21\u770b\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u6570\u5b57\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u522b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\u3002\u8981\u514b\u670d\u6b63\u4f8b\u8c2c\u8bef\u6548\u5e94\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u559c\u6b22\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u5947\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u65b9\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d6\u60a6\u4f60\u7684\u8bdd\uff08\u65e0\u6279\u5224\u63a5\u53d7\u987a\u8a00 uncritical acceptance\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u5973\u7684\u5c31\u8bf4\u4f60\u6c14\u8d28\u597d\uff0c\u7537\u7684\u5c31\u8bf4\u4f60\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\uff0c\u4eba\u53c8\u662f\u81ea\u604b\u7684\uff0c\u60f3\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\uff09
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f9d\u7136\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fde\u7eed\u51e0\u5929\u9605\u8bfb\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a12\u4e2a\u661f\u5ea7\u7684\u6bcf\u65e5\u661f\u5ea7\u8fd0\u52bf\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4ed6\u661f\u5ea7\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u661f\u5ea7\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f60\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5360\u661f\u5b66\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e00\u800c\u518d\u518d\u800c\u4e09\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5360\u661f\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6839\u672c\u6cbe\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5360\u661f\u672f\u4f9d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u683c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u523b\u6bd4\u6000\u5b55\u65f6\u523b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\uff08\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u786e\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u6000\u5b55\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\uff09(—\u6d4b\u8fd0\u65f6\u95ee\u5bf9\u65b9, \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u8fb0\u516b\u5b57, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6000\u5b55\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u200b### \u9677\u5165\u7164\u6c14\u706f\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u200b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bef\u533a\u548c\u9677\u9631\u6446\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u8822\u3002 \u53ef\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7164\u6c14\u706f\u64cd\u7eb5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u8fc7\u66fe\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a \u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u8ddf\u4eba\u8bf4\u4f60\u5185\u5411\u4e0d\u7231\u548c\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff1b \u4e0a\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u5973\u751f\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5982\u7537\u751f\u597d\u3002 \u53ef\u80fd\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u6709\u610f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u704c\u8f93\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u200b1\u3001\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\u7684\u6307\u8d23\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\uff1b \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u575a\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\uff09\u3002 **\u5e94\u5bf9\u7164\u6c14\u706f\u6548\u5e94\u6700\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u51fa\u51fb\uff0c\u5173\u6389\u7164\u6c14 **<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e0d\u53bb\u82db\u8d23\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u9762\u5bf9\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7 \u5bf9\u770b\u516b\u5b57\u3001\u770b\u661f\u5ea7\u3001\u7b97\u547d\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6027\u683c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u7b11\u4e86\u4e4b \u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u793e\u4ea4\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u67d0\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u5bf9\u5bf9\u65b9\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\u65f6\u4f60\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5e76\u672a\u589e\u51cf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u5e76\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u98ce\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5185\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2a\u98ce\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u597d\u5904\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8bc1\u8bed\u8a00\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u574f\u5904\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u9738\u51cc\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u654f\u611f\u800c\u4e0d\u7231\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6469\u64e6\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8f6f\u5f31\u8005\u88ab\u6b3a\u51cc\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5bf9\u9519\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8f6f\u5f31\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u80cc\u8d1f\u9a82\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f6f\u5f31\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7406\u8bba\u8bf4, 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