{"id":11590,"date":"2026-03-10T18:25:52","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T10:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=11590"},"modified":"2026-03-10T18:25:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T10:25:52","slug":"%e7%bb%b4%e7%ba%b3%e7%9a%84%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e8%ae%ba%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%ef%bc%9a%e8%b5%b7%e6%ba%90%e3%80%81%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e4%b8%8e%e5%b1%95%e6%9c%9b-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invbus.com\/blog\/?p=11590","title":{"rendered":"\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Any useful logic must concern itself with Ideas with a fringe of vagueness and a Truth that is a matter of degree.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u2014\u2014 Norbert Wiener<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u524d\u8a00\u6458\u8981<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u662f\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3<\/a>\uff08Norbert Wiener\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281948\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong>\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u8c03\u8282\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4f01\u4e1a\u7b49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u662f\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u5b66\u79d1\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u54f2\u5b66\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u5c55\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u611f\u8c22\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u5f20\u5927\u4f1f\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u6731\u6dd1\u5029\u8001\u5e08\u4e00\u5b66\u671f\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u4f55\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\uff1f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u8bba<\/strong>\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u662f\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u9988\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u539f\u7406\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5177\u6709\u6e90\u81ea\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba<\/a>\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u54f2\u5b66<\/strong>\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u4eba\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b<\/a>\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Norbert Wiener\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u57281948\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\uff1a\u52a8\u7269\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u300b<\/strong> \u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7231\u597d\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u672c\u8eab\u4ecd\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u4e14\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b66\u79d1\u5206\u7c7b\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6280\u672f\u751a\u81f3\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5e2e\u52a9\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2f\u7a7f\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\u6280\u672f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5730\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u840c\u82bd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5f53Vannevar Bush\u4e8e1940\u5e74\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u56fd\u9632\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08NDRC\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u201c\u706b\u63a7<\/strong>\u201d\uff08fire control\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u8ffd\u8e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5149\u5b66\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u96f7\u8fbe\uff09\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5b83\u4eec\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f39\u9053\u5e76\u6307\u5bfc\u70ae\u706b\u6467\u6bc1\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u4e3a\u7d27\u8feb\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u9632\u7a7a\u706b\u63a7\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missiles and Fire Control<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NDRC\u59d4\u6258\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86Norbert Wiener\u3002Wiener\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u624d\u534e\u6a2a\u6ea2\u4f46\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8c03\u548c\uff08\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\uff09\u5206\u6790\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eNDRC\uff0cWiener\u7740\u624b\u89e3\u51b3\u9884\u6d4b\u91c7\u53d6\u89c4\u907f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u98de\u673a\u98de\u884c\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u81ea\u76f8\u5173\uff09\u7684\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u672a\u6765\u503c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wiener\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7e41\u7410\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff08\u5e73\u7a33\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u63d2\u503c\u3001\u5916\u63a8\u548c\u5e73\u6ed1<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6700\u4f18\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cWiener\u5728\u8c03\u548c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u6ed1\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u79bb\u6563\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u95ee\u9898\u6cdb\u5316\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u9093\u805a\u9f99\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u7070\u8272\u9884\u6d4b<\/strong>\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u7b97\u5b50\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u80a1\u4ef7\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u601d\u8003<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1Wiener\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u52aa\u529b\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5373\u65f6\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u7684\u632b\u6298\uff0cWiener\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\uff09\u8f6c\u5411\u519b\u4e8b\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002Wiener\u957f\u671f\u5bf9\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u533b\u751fArturo Rosenblueth\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6Walter Cannon\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7406\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57281942\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0cWiener\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\uff09\u3002Wiener\u5c06\u4ed6\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4f3a\u670d<\/strong>\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7f6e\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u89e3\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cWiener\u5c06\u4ed6\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ece\u808c\u8089\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u70ed\u70c8\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u7269\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wiener\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5f15\u5165\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u533b\u751f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u5b66\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Teleological Society<\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56e2\u4f53\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7531\u6885\u897f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6885\u897f\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a>\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86Wiener\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982John von Neumann\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u7236\uff09\u548cClaude Shannon\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236\uff09\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6Warren McCulloch\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u660e\u8005\uff09\u7b49\u51fa\u4f17\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u822c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9ed1\u7bb1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4ed6\u76841948\u5e74\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0cWiener\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u5e0c\u814a\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bedCybernetics<\/strong>\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u8235\u624b<\/strong>\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6307\u5bfc\u6216\u5f15\u5bfc\u6280\u672f\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wiener\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u7406\u8bba\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9e\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5b83\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u5021\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u5323\u5b50<\/strong>\u201d\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u3001\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u53cd\u9988\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7b49\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Schematic representation of a black-box and a white-box method<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wiener\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0e\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u574e\u519c\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u524d\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5728\u201c\u7a33\u6001\u201d\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u808c\u8089\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u65b0\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u4e86\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002Wiener\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8bc6\u522b\u52a8\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f3a\u670d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u9e1f\u513f\u98de\u7fd4\u4e0e\u98de\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Wiener\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u672a\u6765\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u90fd\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u7565\u611f\u7126\u8651\u7684\u654f\u611f\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6666\u6da9\u4e14\u76f8\u5bf9\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\u671b\u800c\u5374\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u540e\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u4eba\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u300b\uff08The Human Use of Human Beings<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9500\u552e\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Human Use of Human Beings: \u4e5f\u6709\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u4eba\u81ea\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u7528\u5904\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5f53\u4e2d\u7ef4\u7eb3\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u673a\u5668\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u667a\u6167\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u71b5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0cWiener\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6838\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u673a\u68b0\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u540e\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u8f70\u70b8\u5e7f\u5c9b\u548c\u957f\u5d0e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f7fWiener\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5236\u5bfc\u5bfc\u5f39\u548c\u6307\u6325\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee3\u8868\u51b7\u6218\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u51b3\u7b56\u7f6e\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5230\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4ece\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u6280\u672f\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u592a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5206\u6563\u3002Wiener\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\u5e76\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5728\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u8c28\u3001\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5305\u62ecHeinz von Forester\u3001W. Ross Ashby\u548cLudwig von Bertalannfy\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u5316\u4f7f\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728Wiener\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1964\u5e74OGAS\u4e09\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d5e\u53f9\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4ee5\u82cf\u8054\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u82cf\u8054\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Propaganda posters of Soviet space program \u2013 Paulo Pedott<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6A.N.Kolmogorov\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86Wiener\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002A.N.Kolmogorov\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5f53\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u6d53\u58a8\u91cd\u5f69\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f6d\u5b9e\u6208\u9662\u58eb\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u91d1\u878d\u6570\u5b66\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Life and Work of Kolmogorov %28Culture Math%29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u601d\u7ef4\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u878d\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u6b65<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u5728<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

[1]Cybernetics,Knowledge domains in Engineering systems ,David A. Mindell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, Norbert Wiener<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America,Edwards, Paul N.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]Man-Computer Symbiosis,Licklider, J. C. R.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e 2025-01-06 19:01\u30fb\u5317\u4eac
https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/16721716141<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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